En México, aproximadamente 80 millones de personas tienen acceso a Internet, y de ellos, 79 millones (99 por ciento) disponen de una cuenta en Facebook, plataforma digital que “sigue en la preferencia de los usuarios de todo el mundo”, afirmó Luis Ángel Hurtado Razo, académico de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales (FCPyS) de la UNAM.
No es fácil acabar con el hábito digital más común en el planeta: acceder a esta red social masiva; por el contrario, el número de usuarios ha crecido de manera importante y lo seguirá haciendo. A sus 16 años de vida, cumplidos este 4 de febrero, Facebook cuenta con alrededor de dos mil 300 millones de usuarios en el orbe, cifra similar a la totalidad de la población en China, dijo.
Este tipo de redes fueron desarrolladas para que hubiera conectividad entre individuos, recordó Rolando Díaz Loving, investigador de la Facultad de Psicología (FP), pero han tenido efectos adicionales, como el tiempo que los usuarios les dedican, y que podría conducirlos a una adicción cibernética.
Según un estudio realizado en Nuevo León, en el que participó Díaz Loving, quienes utilizan más tiempo estos espacios virtuales podrían presentar problemas de ansiedad debido a la neurosis, o adicciones como tabaquismo y alcoholismo.
Las noticias falsas, un reto
De acuerdo con otro estudio, pero nacional: “¿Cómo usan los mexicanos las redes sociales?”, coordinado por Hurtado Razo, uno de los puntos trascendentes en esta red social son las fake news. “La desinformación está presente a todo lo que da: de cada 100 usuarios, 90 dijeron haber recibido al menos una vez una noticia falsa”.
Si hablamos de 80 millones de usuarios en el país, entonces por lo menos 70 millones han recibido información falsa a través de esta plataforma, una cifra alarmante, pues la desinformación está modificando también los hábitos de los mexicanos y conduciéndonos a la polarización, detalló.
Facebook y la salud mental
En su oportunidad, Díaz Loving remarcó que el tiempo que los usuarios pasan en los espacios digitales podría conducir a una adicción. “Al obtener una respuesta inmediata a una necesidad, las personas buscan la misma respuesta con mayor frecuencia, pero conforme aumenta el tiempo de uso, la efectividad es menor”.
El estudio realizado en Nuevo León arrojó que el uso excesivo de las redes también podría derivar en relaciones interpersonales menos satisfactorias y en una baja sensación de bienestar subjetivo en general. “Mientras más tiempo se pase en las redes sociales, habrá menor desarrollo de competencias y menos capacidades que contribuyan a compensar la situación”.
Además, entre más jóvenes sean los individuos que comienzan a usar las redes, la interacción podría ser más dañina, sobre todo si se da sin supervisión.
No obstante, aclaró el académico de la FP, las personas sanas y con carácter bien establecido sabrán utilizar estas herramientas de forma constructiva y no serán víctimas de estos estímulos.
Red social ‘todo incluido’
Facebook es la red sociodigital ‘todo incluido’, donde todo es posible, expuso Hurtado Razo. “Es un gigante por el número de usuarios y por las herramientas que ofrece: Facebook Live (video en vivo); Facebook Market (para vender o comprar objetos); Facebook Dating (para encontrar pareja), y Fans Page, de las cuales los mexicanos somos grandes consumidores”.
Su dueño, Mark Zuckerberg, ha invertido millones de dólares en inteligencia artificial para desarrollar una serie de herramientas encaminadas a evitar que los usuarios se integren a otras plataformas, y ha sido tan exitoso, que es “el hogar de usuarios de Internet por excelencia, y en nuestro país está revolucionando la forma en que interactuamos”.
La presencia de esta red social destaca en el ámbito de la socialización y en el económico: “en 2019 puso en circulación su propia criptomoneda para realizar transacciones económicas, sin tener una moneda de uso corriente como intermediaria”.
Debido al poder que ha adquirido, muchos países empiezan a formular propuestas para la regulación de las redes sociodigitales, subrayó.
Riesgo de socialización
Díaz Loving indicó que según el estudio en Nuevo León, si un adolecente o una persona joven pasan más tiempo en espacios como Facebook, restan importancia a actividades como la formación académica, recreación e interacción con los demás.
“Es ahí donde las redes usurpan espacios, y vemos que no son necesariamente constructivas para la salud mental; ése es el problema central. Si una persona muy joven deja de lado su cotidianidad ni siquiera tendrá la oportunidad de desarrollar competencias para interactuar, negociar o comunicarse, lo que representa un problema para sí mismo, en particular en el desarrollo del lenguaje”, concluyó.
Cerca de 80 millones de mexicanos tienen una cuenta de Facebook
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